Modernism

Modernism is a vanguard witch sets a new international style among the vanguards that precede it. The term encompasses the activities and output of those who felt the "traditional" forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, social organization and daily life were becoming outdated in the new economic, social, and political conditions of an emerging fully industrialized world. It was a way of thinking about modern society and new production methods. It was an attempt to redefine the meaning and nature of the work of art.
 * **What is modernism?**

Modernism was known in France as style Guimard, after French designer Hector Guimard; in Italy as the stile Floreale (floral style); stile Liberty, after British Art Nouveau designer Arthur Lasenby Liberty; in Spain as Modernisme; in Austria as Sezessionstil (Vienna Secession); and in Germany as Jugendstil.
 * **What is it called in different countries?**

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Beginning in the 1890s, artists reached out to a vast number of design sources for inspiration, exploring the cultural roots of their own countries as well as art from Asia and the Middle East. At the same time, they experimented with new materials and techniques across a broad range of media to create a unified vision of design and architecture. Modernism was a revolt against the conservative values of realism.
 * **When did it start and why?**

> Although curving lines characterize Art Nouveau, right-angled forms are also typical, especially as the style was practiced in Scotland and in Austria. Typical for this style was artistic application of modern industrial techniques and modern material. > A salient characteristic of modernism is self-consciousness. This often led to experiments with form, and work that draws attention to the processes and materials used.
 * **What are its main characteristics?**Itemphasized handcrafting as opposed to machine manufacturing, the use of new materials.